Through axial bearing capacity test of 4 CFDST hollow interlayer concrete columns in square steel tubes,their compressive mechanical properties,load-carrying capacity and flexural stiffness of concrete were studied. The destruction characteristics and the main form of damage of CFDST square hollow interlayer concrete filled steel tube column were analyzed. Research results showed that CFDST hollow interlayer concrete filled square steel tubes column can effectively improve the bearing capacity of axial compression column and column bending stiffness in this paper; Damage to the CFDST square hollow interlayer concrete filled steel tube column was pointed out. The calculation method of bearing capacity of concrete filled steel tubular axial compression column was determined and met with well experimental results.