Based on the 2014 SPOT5 remote sensing data, the kernel density estimation and hot spot identification are used to analyze the distribution and changes of rural settlements spatial pattern in Shexian County in 2014.The results show that the plots of the settlements in the county of Shexian show the distribution of the density of the "North close south sparse, west close east sparse, Qingzhang River Basin closer, the greater the density from the county", The northwest is the core of the rural settlement. Some special cases have also been found, such as the low density of population in high altitude areas, but the density of rural settlements is relatively high, the population density is low in the low altitude areas, but the density of rural settlements is relatively low.