In order to study the deformation and failure characteristics of deep soft rock roadway,taking the 13-1 coal mining roadway in some coal mine in Huainan mining area as an example,the similar simulation experiment of the deformation behavior of surrounding rock of deep excavation roadway is carried out. Based on the Block discrete element method,the numerical model of the surrounding rock of the deep mining roadway is established,and the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation are simulated. The results of the similar simulation experiment and numerical simulation show that the typical characteristics of the surrounding rock are as follows:opening floor heave > two sides move quantity > roof convergence. The influence of displacement of the surrounding rock under excavation disturbance is different,and the bottom plate is 3.5m,the roof is 2.45m,the two are 5.5m. The results of deformation control of deep roadway surrounding rock have important reference meaning.