In order to study the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of different layered angle and anchored rock deformation and failure process, the anchored samples of 0ånd 90° two layers were processed. The RMT-150C rock mechanic test machine and AEwin-USB AE signal acquisition system were used to test AE characteristics of the layered and anchored rock. The results show that under the condition of uniaxial compression, the AE cumulative ringing count of the 90° layered sample is greater than 0° layered sample, and it has a significant bedding effect. Compared with non-anchored sample, anchored sample have stronger AE signals during compaction stage, and the AE signals become stronger as the load increases. The cumulative ringing count of anchored sample is also greater than nonanchored sample. The characteristics of AE signals can reflect the variation of crack propagation inside the rock, which has certain reference value for revealing the failure mechanism of layered and anchored surrounding rock.