In view of promoting the research and development of precision drugs for the novel coronavirus COVID-19,this paper focuses on the basic steps of COVID-19 infection in human cells, such as viral surface protein binding to human cell receptor, viral penetration into cell membrane, viral uncoating, release and replication of viral nucleic acids, expression and maturation of viral proteins, new virus assembly. Based on these steps, it is expected that small molecule compounds, antibodies or antisense RNA fragments could be designed to prevent the key viral molecules such as Spike protein, RdRp polymerase, 3CL hydrolase and a variety of key RNA genes, so as to achieve the goal of accurate treatment of COVID-19 infection.