In order to study the anti-explosion effect of polyurea coating on H-section steel columns, the anti-explosion numerical analysis of sprayed polyurea elastomer H-section steel columns was carried out based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The dynamic response of H-section steel columns under explosion was studied. The protective effect of different polyurea thickness on H-section steel columns and its mechanism were analyzed. It is shown that when the shock wave propagates along the weak axis of the steel column, the maximum destructive effect of the shock wave on the steel column appears in the center of the web near the base of the steel column, and the polyure coating can effectively improve the overall stiffness and anti-explosion ability of the H-section steel columns, greatly reduce the overall and local deformation of the steel column, and reduce the absorbed internal energy of the steel column.