In the effort to understand the individual particle emission characteristics and gaseous pollutants emission characteristics of fine particles emitted from residential coal combustion, three coal types, bituminous coal, anthracite and honeycomb coal, were selected to carry out combustion simulation experiment and pollutant emission level monitoring of residential coal in the laboratory, and collected the single particle samples of burning different coal fine particles, and studied the gaseous pollutants level, single particle micro characterization and element composition. The experimental results showed that:(1) In the ignition stage, the bituminous coal is mainly chain smoke particles, and in the burnout stage, it is mainly irregular mineral particles. The whole process of anthracite and honeycomb coal is dominated by near spherical particles of organic particles. Carbon particles are the main emission particles of the three coal types. (2) The particle size distribution of coal-fired can range from 0.05 μm to 0.80 μm, and the average particle size of soot aggregate emitted from bituminous coal can range from 0.45 μm to 0.55 μm. The spherical particle size of honeycomb coal is similar to that of honeycomb coal, and the average particle size of anthracite can range from 0.15 μm to 0.20 μm. The spherical particle of anthracite is relatively large, and the average particle size is between 0.25 μm and 0.35 μm. (3) The CO emission factors of three coal types are higher than SO₂ emission factors, and the CO emission factors of bituminous coal are higher than that of anthracite and honeycomb coal.