The two-dimensional mixed random aggregate model of rubber concrete is established, and the meso mechanical properties of rubber concrete are analyzed by base force element method based on the complementary energy principle. The stress-strain curve, failure process diagram and maximum principal stress and strain cloud diagram are obtained. The failure process of rubber concrete is simulated, the compression failure mechanism of rubber concrete is analyzed, and the influence of different particle sizes and contents of rubber particles on the compressive strength of rubber concrete is explored. The results show that the compressive strength decreases obviously with the increase of the rubber content. At the same dosage, the compressive strength can be slightly improved by using rubber particles with a large particle size. The damage first occurs in the area with dense rubber particles, so the rubber particles should be dispersed evenly as far as possible when configuring rubber concrete. The model can reasonably simulate the failure process of rubber concrete under uniaxial compression, and provides a new method for analyzing and predicting the micromechanical properties of rubber concrete.