The influence of the properties of the sediment on the dynamic response of the large diameter bored pile embedded in layered visco-elastic soil is analyzed in this study. First, the sediment is considered as a fictitious soil pile and the Rayleigh-Love rod theory is introduced to establish the longitudinal dynamic governing equations for the pile and the fictitious soil pile to approximately consider the three-dimensional effect of the pile. Then, the dynamic governing equation for the surrounding soil is built based on the three-dimensional axisymmetric model. By means of Laplace transform, impedance function recursion and inverse Fourier transform, the dynamic governing equations for the soil-pile system are solved to derive the solutions for the dynamic response of the pile in the frequency and time domain. Based on the established solution, the three-dimensional effect of the large diameter bored pile is portrayed and the influence of the properties of the sediment on the dynamic response of the pile is investigated. Finally, the reliability of the proposed solution is verified by comparing with the measured results.