Through the accelerated carbonization test in laboratory, the effects of curing method and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the carbonation resistance of concrete were studied. The results show that the carbonization depth of concrete with curing agent is the smallest under other conditions unchanged, followed by water spray curing and film curing. The carbonation depth of concrete increases with the increase of the replacement rate of RCA. Compared with the ordinary aggregate concrete, the size of the partial carbonization zone and the depth of the carbonization front of concrete with 50% replacement rate of RCA are increased by 7.5% and 23.7%, respectively, while the increase rates are 21.3% and 55.3% for the concrete with 100% replacement rate of RCA, respectively. The influence mechanism of the curing method and the replacement rate of RCA on the carbonation resistance of concrete is analyzed through the water absorption characteristics test. The results show that the capillary water absorption coefficient of concrete cured with curing agent is the smallest, which that cured with sprinkler and film increases in turn. The capillary water absorption coefficient of concrete increases approximately linearly with the increase of the replacement rate of RCA.