The grouting defects of rebar sleeve greatly affects the connection performance of the prefabricated shear wall. Therefore, it is necessary to study the detection and evaluation method of the grouting quality of the sleeve. The grouting defects of fabricated shear wall sleeves were identified by using the impact echo method, and the fabricated shear wall models with double rows of 18, 20 and 25 mm grouting sleeves were established respectively, and the impact echo finite element analysis was performed. The impact-echo test of fabricated shear wall specimens under mass was carried out, and the spectral characteristics and time-frequency characteristics of echo signals under different impact loads were studied. The results show that the echo signal spectrum presents different distribution characteristics under different impact loads. The frequency spectrum and time-frequency diagram of the grouting area and the non-grouting area under the impact of 5 mm steel balls are different, which can identify the grouting situation inside the sleeve near the impact point. The test results are consistent with the finite element analysis results.