Based on a long-span highway tunnel project, the velocity and spectral characteristics of the surrounding rock in the front and rear of the tunnel face were compared and analyzed by monitoring the response during the lower step of the tunnel blasting. The numerical simulation method was used to study the attenuation law of blasting vibration velocity in the front and rear of the surrounding rocks with different surrounding rock levels. The results showed that the velocity of surrounding rock ahead of the tunnel face was V_Z>V_X>V_Y, while the velocity of surrounding rock behind the palm face was V_X>V_Y>V_Z. The difference of the front and rear vibration characteristics of the tunnel face was due to the spacing distance between the explosion source and the measuring points, the difference of the propagation medium and the boundary conditions. Owing to the vibration reduction effect of the air isolation layer in the excavated tunnel behind the tunnel face, the diffraction and refraction of the blasting seismic wave occurred in the rear propagation process, and thus the resultant vibration velocity of the surrounding rock in the rear was significantly smaller than that in the front and decayed more rapidly. The vibration dominant frequency of the rear surrounding rock was significantly lower than that of the front of the tunnel face, and the rear spectrum bandwidth was narrower than that of the front. The prediction formula of vibration velocity of surrounding rock in the front and rear of the tunnel face with different surrounding rock levels was obtained by curve-fitting. The prediction formula of blasting vibration velocity of the surrounding rock was proposed by considering reduction coefficient of the air isolation layer. According to the relationship between the front and rear positions of the tunnel face and the existing pipelines, the safety charges of the front and rear were calculated by using the prediction formula of the blasting velocity of the front and the rear surrounding rock, respectively. The precise blasting vibration control of the whole process before and after the tunnel crossing the pipeline was realized and the construction efficiency was greatly improved.