To study the influence of particle size range and substitution rate of recycled coarse aggregate on the compressive performance of recycled concrete under uniaxial compression, recycled concrete prism specimens were designed and manufactured with particle size ranges of 5~10, 10~20, and 20~31.5 mm, as well as substitution rates of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. Uniaxial compre-ssive performance tests were conducted on them. The results show that the compressive strength and peak strain of recycled concrete in the particle size range of 5~10 mm are higher than those in the particle size range of 10~20 mm and 20~31.5 mm when the substitution rate is the same. Under the same particle size range, as the substitution rate increases, the compressive strength of recycled concrete shows a gradually decreasing trend, while the peak strain shows a gradually increasing trend. Based on the experimental data, a functional relationship between the compressive strength and peak strain of recycled concrete was obtained.