In order to study the carbon emissions during the operation phase of buildings, this article establishes a carbon emission calculation model for building operations based on the energy balance table splitting method on the basis of the carbon emission factor method, and analyzes the characteristics of carbon emission changes through the carbon emission data of building operation in Hebei Province from 2005 to 2020. Secondly, the STIRPAT model is introduced to empirically analyze the factors affecting carbon emissions from building operations. The results show that during the research period, carbon emissions during the operation phase of buildings in Hebei Province increases by 1.24 times, with indirect carbon emissions dominating the operation phase. Residents accounts for the largest proportion of carbon emissions in the construction operation industry structure, and the number of permanent residents is the main driving factor for carbon emissions during construction operations in Hebei Province.