To investigate the vertical compressive load bearing characteristics of rock-socketed piles in medium-weathered granite, this paper carried out in-situ tests and ABAQUS finite element numerical simulations on 12 rock-socketed piles to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles by various methods and to clarify the vertical compressive load bearing characteristics of rock-socketed piles in medium-weathered granite. The study shows that the 12 rock-socketed piles in medium-weathered granite do not exhibit fully end-bearing piles, but are friction piles or friction end-bearing piles; the vertical compressive ultimate bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles in medium-weathered granite foundation is high, and the settlement at the top of the piles is small, which meets the bearing requirements of the foundation. The finite element simulation load-settlement curve matches well with the measured load-settlement curve, and the pile top settlement error is small; under this test condition, the pile end resistance accounts for 56.9% of the pile top load, and the pile side friction resistance accounts for 43.1%, and the pile side friction resistance plays a sufficient role in the load transfer process. The ultimate pile load capacity obtained from finite element simulation is in good agreement with the prediction result of exponential function model, which can be used for the prediction of vertical compressive ultimate load capacity of rock-socketed pile and the analysis of bearing characteristics and load transfer law of rock-socketed pile.