Taking clay as the test object, the self-made one-dimensional horizontal electroosmosis device was used to analyze the parameters such as drainage, current, energy consumption and final moisture content of soil, and the electroosmosis effects of three electrode materials of stainless steel, copper and aluminum under two moisture contents were explored. The results show that the electroosmotic effects of the three electrode materials are in the order of stainless steel electrode>copper electrode>aluminum electrode under two moisture contents. The initial moisture content has little effect on stainless steel and copper electrodes, but has a great effect on aluminum electrodes. The electroosmotic effect of aluminum electrodes is very poor at a lower moisture content. The initial moisture content will affect the degree of chemical reaction of the anode. By comparing the tests of three electrode materials under two moisture contents, it is concluded that the higher the initial moisture content of the soil is, the better the drainage effect is and the greater the total energy consumption is, but the energy consumption per unit drainage is smaller.