To perceive the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass to be blasted in real-time through intelligent perception technology, a drilling system was independently developed to obtain real-time drilling information of the blasting hole. Through in-depth mining and analysis of collected data, an analysis method was proposed to characterize the integrity of rock mass and mechanical indicators such as the uniaxial compressive strength of rock blocks. A value map of rock coefficient A based on digital drilling while drilling information was constructed. On this basis, the rock coefficient calculated based on blasting fragmentation will be used as prior data, and Bayes theory will be used to continuously fuse the rock coefficient data determined by on-site blasting construction into the prior distribution, obtaining the posterior distribution of rock coefficients. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed rock coefficient determination method is more intelligent and accurate and can optimize the design of rock blasting parameters for the next stage.