Taking the Xishuangbanna region as the research object, based on the GlobeLand30 land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, the dynamic changes in land use in the region over the past two decades were analyzed. The study area was divided into several evaluation units using the GIS grid method, and a landscape ecological risk assessment model was further constructed to comprehensively evaluate the landscape ecological risk in the Xishuangbanna region; Using spatial autocorrelation metho-ds to analyze and study the spatial differentiation characteristics of regional landscape ecological risks. The results show that the land use types in the Xishuangbanna region are mainly forest land, accounting for more than 60% of the total area, followed by arable land, accounting for more than 25% of the total area. In the past two decades, there have been significant changes in land use, mainly manifested as the transformation of forest land into arable land and artificial surface; The spatial distribution of the landscape ecological risk index shows a positive spatial correlation, with spatial clustering characteristics mainly manifested as high-high clustering and low-low clustering; The proportion of low-risk areas in landscape ecology has significantly decreased from 2000 to 2020, while the proportion of high-risk areas has shown a significant upward trend, and spatially, high-risk areas continue to expand towards the southeast. High-risk and higher-risk areas are mainly located in Menghai County and Jinghong County.