Based on the theory of mechanics, theoretical bearing capacity formulas for flat and bowl shaped pads are established according to the bearing performance of the pad under load. By establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of "pad rock", the influence of pad form and structural parameters on the bearing performance of the pad under load is analyzed, and the pad form and structural parameters suitable for anchor bolts are selected. The results show that under a load of 300 kN, if a bowl shaped cushion plate is selected for the anchor system, the parameters should be 300 mm×300 mm×180 mm, arch height of 35 mm, aperture radius of 34 mm, and bowl bottom radius of 60 mm; If a flat pad is selected, the parameters should be 280 mm×280 mm×255 mm, with a hole diameter of 26 mm and an anchor radius of 64 mm. The bowl shaped cushion plate has a better effect on controlling the deformation of surrounding rock under load.