In order to investigate the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical performance of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) irregular-shaped column structures, based on the axial compression tests of five L-shaped SRC columns after freeze-thaw and the simulation study of 14 L-shaped SRC co-lumns, the parameters including concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and steel content were analyzed. According to the results, the calculation formula for the post-freeze-thaw bearing capacity was established. The research results show that the freeze-thaw cycles have a significant impact on the durability and structural performance of SRC components, manifested as the damage of the components gradually deepening from the inside to the outside, and the ultimate axial compression bearing capacity decreases significantly after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. The calculation values of the bearing capacity formula proposed based on the finite element results have an error within 5%, which can reflect the change of ultimate bearing capacity and provide a reference for the application of this structure in cold regions.