To verify the feasibility of applying the Electromagnetic Inertia Mass Damper (EIMD) to the semi-active control of bridge structures, an experimental study was conducted to verify the accuracy of its mechanical model and the sensitivity of its parameters. A new control algorithm was proposed and an EIMD-continuous girder bridge control system was designed. Taking an actual engineering continuous girder bridge as the object, the control effect of the relative displacement of the bridge structure's piers and girders under earthquake action was evaluated through numerical simulation methods, and the research on the self-resetting performance of the bridge structure was carried out. The results show that compared with the traditional passive control methods, the absolute value of the relative displacement of the bridge structure's piers and girders is significantly reduced, which shows excellent shock absorption effect. The proposed new control algorithm has a significant improvement effect on the self-resetting function of the bridge structure.