In order to explore the resistance characteristics of heat exchange unit in heat pipes and optimize the design of the whole air supply system for the Mine ventilation shaft, the resistance analysis model of single module of heat pipe was established, and the wind resistance characteristics of different parallel modules were analyzed. On this basis, the resistance balance calculation method of heat pipe was proposed. At the same time, the laws of air inlet volumes in different shafts under different working conditions were analyzed. The results show that by changing the number of pipe exhaust, the distribution of wind speed is more uniform than the original design, and the resistance is reduced. The maximum wind speed difference is reduced from 2.1 m/s to 1 m/s, and the wind speed imbalance rate of the system is reduced from 80% to less than 20%. During the operation of the total air supply system, the air tightness is the most important factor to determine the fresh air intake. When the auxiliary air duct is opened, the intake air volume can reach 2600 m³/min, accounting for 26.8% of the total intake air volume.