The biological reef reservoir as a kind of good oil and gas are concerned by more and more people. The forming conditions of reef were mainly controlled by reef-forming organisms, the effective sediment rate of particle, early cementation, palaeostructure, rise and fall of sea level, temperature, analyzed the reef conditions on a specific role of the characteristics of the reef, and the sea level rise plays a main role on the reef process. From a biological perspective, this paper proposes a new classification method of the reef, namely according to the growth rate of the feature of reef-forming organisms, which divided into adjustment period, growth period, stable period, decline phase, and analyzed the process of the reef in detail. The relationship between the biological reef and oil and gas was discussed and it is suggested that the barrier reef on the edge of the platform is the key object in the exploration of oil and gas.