Experiments with different strain rate on granite and marble under impact compressive loading are conducted with the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar. Through verifying the validity of the test,the reliability of the data is proved. The experimental results show that the strain rate obviously affects the dynamic mechanical properties of these two kinds of rock materials,the dynamic compressive strength,peak stress and elastic modulus with different impact velocities show significant strain rate correlation,peak strain changes little,the relationship between the peak stress-impact velocity and the elastic modulus-impact velocity of granite and marble is analyzed,and both of them show weak power function;In the process of loading,granite showed more obvious dynamic brittleness,from destruction form,most of the granite present axial splitting mode,the fragment degree of marble is higher and the marble present crushing mode,conducting the comparison and analysis from the perspective of microstructure.