This paper compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various floating structure forms of floating photovoltaic power stations on the water surface, expounds the technical characteristics and development direction of floating photovoltaic power stations on the water surface, puts forward the corresponding anchoring system scheme for the problems of water level fluctuation and uneven tension of anchor cables faced by the anchoring system of floating photovoltaic power stations, and derives the calculation method of the anchoring force and the volume of counterweight or floating ball. Finally, some suggestions on the design and installation of the electrical system of the floating photovoltaic power station are given.