To investigate the mechanical properties of reinforced steel corrugated plate arch culverts, based on the Yangquan Ring Road realignment project, circumferential reinforcement and bidirectional reinforcement measures were selected. Numerical simulation methods were used to compare and analyze the stress and deformation of steel corrugated plate arch culverts, and to analyze their reinforcement effects. The results show that the arch culvert is under overall compression, with stresses and deformations symmetrically distributed. Under the influence of bolt connection, the stress is highest at the arch foot, followed by the arch waist, and the stress at the arch crown is the smallest. The maximum vertical deformation is located at the arch crown, and the deformation at the peak and valley is consistent, with a difference in stresses. The stress at the peak and valley of the arch waist is 4.83% greater than that at the peak, and the stress at the peak and valley of the arch crown is 18.78% greater than that at the valley. After strengthening, the stress and deformation of the arch culvert are significantly reduced, and the stress concentration at the arch foot decreases. However, stress concentration occurs at the strengthening point, and compared to the valley, the peak strengthening effect is more obvious. By increasing the number of circumferential reinforcement pipes, the structural rigidity also increases, and the reinforcement effect becomes more pronounced. The maximum reduction in the stress is 68.38% and the maximum reduction in the vertical deformation is 10.29%, while the axial reinforcement effect is not very significant.