To inspire and mobilize the economic man's desire and motivation to make rich and to make the country prosperous and the people rich as soon as possible,Deng Xiaoping put forward "the great policy" of Let some people "rich at first",which is focused on the logic of efficiency;Deng Xiaoping looks "common prosperity" as the essence of socialism,and as the ultimate value goal,his thought is fair.First and efficiency are only a means and strategy;common rich and fair is the purpose and destination.In China,the relationship of "rich first" and "common rich" is far from complete harmony,there is even a serious gap between the rich and the poor now,the CPC brings forth the reform of distribution system,the relation of efficiency and fair should be emphasized in the course of the primary distribution and redistribution and more equitable be emphasized in redistribution.These thought in the 17th NC of the CPC is not only the inheritance and development of Deng Xiaoping's "rich first" and "common rich" thought but also it is the inevitable logic to the harmony of efficiency and equity in the new era.