In the Late Qing and Early Republic of China,the rural community in Jin River Basin has been involved in the modernization as commonly as the other districts in the north of China.There was a village called "Ying" among the rural communities in the Jin River Basin,which is located in the Taiyuan basin,that is,as well as in the north of the Jin River Basin.On account of the location of Ying village,we find it meaningful to study the administration and exploration of the water source in Jin River Basin.In the Late Qing Dynasty,as the turbulence of the society and the continuous development of the market-oriented economy,as well as the emergence of the exotic commodity and new transformed cash crops,moreover as the religious expansion of the Catholicism,and the weakening of the control implemented by the local political power,The social contradiction of Ying village was so aggravated unprecedentedly that this dramatic deterioration was beyond the reconcilement The main contradictions in Ying village are as follows :Cultivated land was frequently on the turn and without fixed user,but large array of the villagers without land or with small areas couldn't support their families so they had to seek the other approaches to making a living.When the traditional religious activities were prone to be more flourishing,the power of the Catholicism expansion dominated Ying village and become another local authority.In the Early Republic,with the undermining of the local authority in Ying village,the optimum interaction between the local authority in the traditional society and rural community transformed into the top-down bureaucratic regime.The motivation propelled the development of society was hindered seriously.This thesis aims at analyzing the concrete conditions of Ying village and also attempts to clarify and reveal the basic direction in which the rural communities in north of China transformed mainly in modern times.