Ecological literature first appeared in western countries．After forty years development，ecological literary research has akeady entered the stage of rapid development．From the aspects of its developing course and recent research progress，the thesis analyzes in detail western countries'ecological literary research．Finally,the thesis points out its task and developing trend in the future．The purpose l‘S to provide a reference for its further development and find a way to get rid of people'S ecological crisis and spiritual crisis and really achieve the society'S sustainable development．