Through the field survey of traditional rural settlement, it has found that the typical spatial construction model shows the duality of matrix and landmark and they are in a relation of reciprocal causality.However, under the impact of urbanization and modernization, this spatial construction model is disappearing,and those natural villages are integrated and reconstructed at a high speed and in a large scale during the construction of new rural communities, leading to a lack of geographical construction system and a damage of ecological living environment. In the perspective of prototype theory, the duality feature should be combined with spatial construction model to guide the inheritance and application of spatial construction model of traditional rural settlements and seek for new spatial development approach for new rural communities based on the sustainable, alternative and transformation strategies.