Socialist ideology was unique in The Meiji ideological circle. Firstly, it existed in the outside of the Japan's modern national ruling institutional framework, and it was the very few current of thought that was not assimilated by the ruling class. Because of the tense relationship with the current ruling system, it suffered the violent suppression. Secondly, it, which provides a different developing mode for Japan in theoretical point of view, criticized the capitalist system by using Marx's historical materialism, displaying the superiority of socialism and its realistic possibility. Therefore, just as the religion, the socialism, being the “Non-state factors”, played an important part in The Meiji intellectual history. There are few researches on the collision between the socialism and the theory of evolution. This paper will explore nationalists' Socialists' criticism on the socialism from the point view of the theory of evolution.