Budget management is an important part in the operation of project management. Project budget management is the core content of financial management of geological exploration units. Strengthening budget management is conducive to ensuring the normal operation of project implementation. With the continuous advancement of the reform on financial budget management system in China, the budget management of geological survey projects has gradually become standardized, scientific and refined, but there are also many problems in budget preparation, execution and performance evaluation. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the necessity of project budget management in geological prospecting units and how to carry out comprehensive budget management, and puts forward some measures and suggestions for implementing project budget management.