The socialist system with Chinese characteristics is an institutional system formed by the majority of party members and cadres and the people through long explorations and explorations. It condenses the sweat and effort of the entire party and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people. Under the guidance of this system, the whole party and the whole country are united in one heart, thus enabling China to achieve great achievements and significant advantages in socialist construction. In our country, the governance of the state and society needs to be carried out in accordance with the socialist institutional system. Therefore, this article analyzes the scientific connotation, influencing factors and the value of the times of China's institutional self-confidence under the new situation, and finally puts forward the current practice path of China's institutional self-confidence. This has a very important theoretical value and practical significance for the implementation and implementation of the socialist road with unique characteristics in the new environment, the improvement of the people's confidence in the future development, and the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.