Unlike the degree settings of other countries, the Russian candidate of science degrees embodies the characteristics of Russian higher education, and also reflects Russia's adherence to its own excellent educational tradition. In recent years, the rate of candidate of science students receiving their degree on time is continually low, and the number of candidate of science degrees deprived due to academic misconduct is increasing year by year. Since 2012, Russia has adopted a series of reforms in terms of training system, award and accountability of candidate of science degree. The system and content of talents training of candidate of science degrees in Russia have shown new characteristics. This paper compares and studies the new contents and reform measures of talents training of Russian candidate of science degrees. The results would be valuable for improving and perfecting the mode and content of doctoral personnel training in China.