The Chinese academic circles have traced and summarized the evolution of pre-Qin ideological education practice, and constructed a modern disciplinary research system based on the standpoint of historical materialism philosophy.The way of thinking based on positivism philosophy in the western academic circles directs the research on the practice of Chinese ideological education in the pre-Qin period to the pragmatic position of secular politics, which is not conducive to the scientific presentation of the historical appearance of the practice of Chinese ideological education in the pre-Qin period.The practice of pre-Qin ideological education experienced a process of evolution from survival to humanism, from religious activities to political activities.In the new era, only based on the historical view of Marxism, and in the context of ideological and political education, can we continue to expand and deepen the research on the practice of Chinese ideological education, so as to fully explore and develop China's excellent traditional educational thought.