Based on relevant statistical data, this paper briefly analyzes the current situation of population aging in Hunan Province.According to the data of the sixth national census in 2010, considering the factors of fertility level under the influence of the "two-child policy" on the basis of the traditional Leslie matrix model, the agingpopulation is predicted in groupsand the predictive value of the indicators related to population aging in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2100 is obtained. The predictionshows that it has the characteristics of fast growth, obvious stages and serious aging phenomenon, so the government urgently needs to transform and upgrade the pension services, build a diversified and multi-level pension service system.