Based on the 2002-2017 data,the SBM model and ML index were used to measure the green total factor productivity of agricultural and its influencing factors in 16 cities in Anhui province. The results showed that the green total factor productivity of agricultural in Anhui province grew slowly and the green technical efficiency was not improved,the green technological progress was the main driving force of the green total factor productivity of agricultural. Regional differences in the green total factor productivity of agricultural are significant,showing a trend of high in the middle and low at both ends. The structure of agricultural industry and economic development level have a significant positive effect on the green total factor productivity of agriculture;The level of mechanization hinder the growth of the index of agricultural technological progress. Therefore,tin order to promote agricultural modernization in Anhui Province,we should optimize agricultural industrial structure and improve agricultural technological innovation to improve the green total factor productivity of agricultural.