To systematically reveal the mechanism of the built environment’s influence on residential electricity consumption is of great significance to the construction of low-carbon city. This paper took Tianjin Eco-City as the research object, based on 23 residential community samples and 14016 residential samples, using a multiple linear regression model to analyze the impact of the built environment on residential electricity consumption. The research has clarified the mechanism and degree of influence of the built environment on residential electricity consumption, and put forward built environment optimization strategies that are conducive to reducing residential electricity consumption in terms of building density, house design, spatial layout, etc.