By selecting the annual time series data from 1990 to 2019, based on the total production function and VAR model, this paper discusses the impact of rural financial development on Farmers’ income growth in Anhui Province. The results show that there is a stable equilibrium relationship between rural financial development and farmers’ income growth in the long run. The negative effect of rural financial scale on Farmers’ income growth is greater than the positive effect of rural financial efficiency on Farmers’ income growth. Therefore, rural financial development has a negative impact on Farmers’ income growth. There is a two-way Granger causality between rural financial scale and farmers’ income growth, and rural financial efficiency is only the Granger reason for farmers’ income growth. In the short term, the impulse impact of rural financial scale and efficiency on Farmers’ income growth is becoming more and more stable, and both of them have a certain contribution to the change of farmers’ income growth variance. Expanding capital supply in rural areas, improving rural financial credit environment and strengthening rural financial innovation are conducive to giving full play to the role of rural finance in increasing farmers’ income.