It is assumed that vocational colleges should focus on improving their level of internationalization and competitiveness, cultivating more international talents, and serving the Belt and Road Initiative. In reality, however, there are multiple unbalance and realistic challenges in the internationalization of vocational education in China. Against this background, the vocational colleges in Tianjin establish a Chinese-foreign cooperative mode called Luban Workshop, which has become a famous international brand of Chinese Vocational education. In this sense, it sets a model for the global development of Chinese vocational colleges. Accordingly, this paper, as a first approximation, summarizes the internationalization of Chinese vocational education and the existing problems. Then, it analyzes real challenges in the internationalization of Chinese vocational education. Finally, Luban Workshop is taken as an example to illustrate the strategies of breaking through the real challenges in the internationalization of China’s vocational education.