Under the background of high housing prices and continuously low fertility rate, the influence of housing wealth effect and housing pattern on the fertility willingness of people of appropriate age was studied by OLS model using CGSS 2018 survey data and 2017 urban housing price data. Studies have shown that the positive wealth effect of housing has a promoting effect on the fertility willingness of people of appropriate age; Nuclear families have lower fertility intentions than stem families; The nuclear family favors the birth of girls, while the stem family prefers to have boys. Tested by the instrumental variable method, the results remain robust. It is proposed to increase the supply of affordable housing, reshape the backbone family, and encourage intergenerational cohabitation to improve the willingness of the age-appropriate population to have children.