Agricultural ecological efficiency is an important manifestation of the coordinated development of agricultural economy and ecological environmental protection. This paper firstly introduces the agricultural carbon sink effect, and constructs a measurement index system of agricultural ecological efficiency; Secondly, based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2019, the super-efficiency SBM improved by the entropy weight method is used to measure the agricultural ecological efficiency of each region. Then, this paper uses the panel Tobit model to explore the influencing factors of agricultural ecological efficiency. The results show that a steady upward trend has been shown in China's agricultural ecological efficiency from 2010 to 2019. In terms of spatial distribution pattern, the highest efficiency is in the northeast region, the second is in the east, the lower is in the west, and the lowest is in the middle. The degree of financial support to agriculture, the degree of industrialization, the agricultural natural environment, and the density of agricultural machinery have a negative impact on agricultural ecological efficiency; Agricultural environmental regulation, scientific and technological support, agricultural resource endowment, agricultural human capital and agricultural production capacity have a positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as rational investment in key agricultural resources, promoting the growth of agricultural production, intensifying the R&D and promotion of agricultural science and technology, and improving the quality of agricultural labor force.