Currently, the level of adolescents’ physical fitness is generally low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop college PE education from the perspective of comprehensive physical and mental qualities, which is a must to cultivate healthy constructors and successors of our nation and promote the construction of socialism. However, there are currently some problems that hinder the physical and mental health development of college students. There are still many difficulties in the development of students’ physical and mental health in college PE education. Accordingly, it is necessary to improve the quality of teachers, optimize teaching designs, utilize new technologies to enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive quality cultivation, and establish effective evaluation mechanisms. In this sense, college PE teaching will be beneficial to students’ physical and mental health, improve students’ comprehensive qualities, and lay a solid foundation for their future development.