The combination of adherence to and development of Marxism and Chinese excellent traditional culture,that is, the "second combination", is an original theory put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping, which summarizes and deepens the successful experience of the Chineseization and modernization of Marxism. In order to deeply grasp the "second combination", this paper deeply analyzes the inner logic of the high degree of compatibility between Marxism and Chinese excellent traditional culture from the perspectives of people’s nature, openness and practicability respectively, which not only makes the theoretical foundation of Marxism deeper, but also revitalizes the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The "second combination" not only makes the theoretical foundation of Marxism deeper, but also gives new vitality to the Chinese excellent traditional culture, and enables the modern civilization of the Chinese nation to be generated and developed. Therefore, in practice, we should not only adhere to the principles of unity of theory and practice, unity of inheritance and innovation, and two-way integration, but also master the realization strategy of effectively promoting the better development of the "second combination". This will help us continue to push forward the process of Chineseization and modernization of Marxism on the new journey and provide spiritual strength and ideological guarantee for the further realization of Chinese-style modernization.