Based on the resource dependence theory, this article puts forward research hypotheses and conducts an empirical analysis of the influence of supply chain concentration on the new-quality productivity of enterprises by selecting A-share listed companies in China from 2015 to 2023 as samples and adopting the fixed effect model. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, there is a significantly negative correlation between supply chain concentration and the new-quality productivity of enterprises. Secondly, through the mediation effect test, it is discovered that the increase in supply chain concentration hinders the Digital transformation of enterprises, thereby suppressing the development of new-quality productivity. Thirdly, the heterogeneity test reveals that the inhibitory effect of supply chain concentration on the new-quality productivity of enterprises is more pronounced in private enterprises, large enterprises, and enterprises with a higher market share.