Self-directed learning (SDL) has always been a core feature of problem-based learning (PBL). Training students to become self-directed learners is the focus of all colleges and universities. This paper first expounds the connotation of PBL and SDL, and then distinguishes the relationship between PBL and SDL. Then, with the undergraduate course organizational behavior as an example, PBL teaching practice is carried out with the aim of cultivating students’ self-directed learning skills. Finally, the application effect of PBL model is summarized. In the future, the key problems in the application of PBL mode should be further identified and targeted improvement measures should be taken, including the following five aspects: pay attention to PBL problem design to ensure the normal performance of PBL; Provide students with appropriate scaffolds to improve their learning interest and intrinsic learning motivation; Flexible selection of variations of PBL model to further play the key role of facilitators in the implementation of PBL; Strengthen the assessment of PBL learning effect, and effectively improve students’ self-directed learning skills; Improve the application design of PBL mode and enhance its effectiveness.